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The Spanish empire named the territory New Spain – today the area is called Mexico. Some, however, have speculated that it is at the Kuykendall Ruins.) Watch this video by Mike Foster on the Coronado National Memorial.

From Chichiticale, it is likely that Coronado took a vanguard north to the White Mountains. This armor found centuries later, gave important clues to the most northerly route of the Coronado Expedition.

Once Coronado had come to the realization that he had been led on a wild goose chase, he ordered El Turco garroted.

The Return Home

Disheartened, the mighty conquistadors retraced their route south.

It is designated Coronado Trail Scenic Byway, one of the most beautiful drives in all of Arizona.)

The Battle For Hawikuh

Coronado and his soldiers then headed northeast where they would find the Zuni Pueblo of Hawikuh, located approximately five miles east of the present-day border between Arizona and New Mexico 12 miles southwest of the present Zuni Pueblo.

Big mistake.

Coronado’s soldiers skirmished with about 200 Zuni warriors at Háwikuh on July 7, 1540. The Hopis, seeing that resistance was futile, became more hospitable and the two groups exchanged goods and information. Still, it was three years later before a favorable opportunity for his project was offered.

In 1538, Guzman was imprisoned by a Juez de Residencia, who worked for Diego Perez de la Torre, who ruled Culiacan’s province for a short time.

Coronado had come to New Spain with Mendoza in 1535. Richey also reported finding another sword in Greeley County — a two-edged sword of the style of the Spanish dagger of the 16th century. Moreover, Castaneda, who is the chief source for the stories of gold and lordly kings which are said to have been told by the Turk, in all probability did not know anything more than the reports of what the Turk was telling the superior officers, which were passed about among the common foot soldiers.

The San Pedro River is one of the few remaining riparian areas in Southern Arizona. But because of his family’s status, young Francisco would have received a pretty good education. One can imagine that “El Turco” was trying to entice the Spaniards away from the pueblos.)

The Expedition’s Route From Arizona To Kansas And Back

Relying on the expedition’s chronicles, historians are almost certain Coronado and most of his expedition traveled through what is today the Coronado National Memorial near the Huachuca Mountains and then along the San Pedro River in Southern Arizona.

(Note.

It was later when the Spaniards began to question him about nations and rulers, gold and treasures, that he received, perhaps from the Spaniards themselves, the hints which led him to tell them what they were rejoiced to hear and to develop the fanciful pictures which appealed so forcibly to all the desires of his hearers. Many have tried to find it, but archeologists and historians remain uncertain as to its location.

This area had yet to be explored by the Spanish, even though they controlled much of the land. They were traveling to lands northeast of New Galicia. Since Francisco was the second son, he would be expected to work and make his own fortune. His expedition was one that was prompted by stories of myth and riches. Pedro de Castaneda, the historian of the expedition, began his narrative as follows:

Cibola – Seven Cities of Gold.

“In the year 1530, Nuno de Guzman, who was president of New Spain, had in his possession an Indian, one of the natives of the Valley of Otixipar, who was called Tejo by the Spaniards.

pictures of francisco vasquez de coronados route

One party, led by Garcia Lopez de Cardenas, became the first Europeans to discover the Grand Canyon. These copper points are 1 to 2 inches in length.

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Francisco Coronado

Explorer

Age of Discovery

Quick Facts:

He explored the southwestern part of the United States, which helped claim the land for Spanish colonization

Francisco Coronado

A photograph of a painting from the Deaf Smith County Museum in Hereford, TX.

(Credit: Billy Hathorn)

Introduction
Francisco Coronado was a Spanish governor in what is modern day Mexico who went on to explore the southwest United States. This Indian, whom the Spaniards called “The Turk,” told them his masters had instructed him to lead them to certain barren plains, where water and food could not be obtained, and leave them there to perish, or, if they succeeded in finding their way back they would be so weakened as to fall an easy prey.

Seekers of the Seven Cities of Gold.

George Parker Winship, in his 1896 book, The Coronado Expedition, said:

“The Turk may have accompanied Alvarado on the first visit to the great plains, and he doubtless told the white men about his distant home and the roving life on the prairies.

Father Marcos returned to Mexico with Juan Gallego in August 1541 and was not again mentioned in connection with the expedition.