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Biography
This engineer, artist and intellectual was born in Spain, in the Catalan city of Figueres, as the son of a cooper. Monturiol’s work laid the groundwork for subsequent advancements in submarine technology.
Legacy and Awards
Narciso Monturiol’s legacy extends beyond his contributions to submarine design.
Later he turned his attention to science and engineering, while to survive he dedicated himself to printing folders.
Other inventions from Monturiol include a process to speed up the manufacturing of adhesive paper which he used when he was named director of the National Stamp Factory in Madrid.
It had 14 meters length, 2 meters beam and 3 meters depth with 46 tones of displacement and 29 m³ capacity.
He also founded the magazine La Madre de Familia (1846), in which he disseminated the most conservative aspects of Cabet's egalitarian communism; and he co-edited, with Juan Landa, the series Famous men and women of all times . The first was the Narciso Monturiol (A-1), an Italian-made submarine, active in the Spanish Navy from 1917 to 1934.
Spanish Army
The Spanish Navy has used the name Narciso Monturiol on four of its submarines. Before him are Helmut Gröttrup, Lou Ottens, Yuan Longping, Ernst Alexanderson, Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, and David Schwarz.
Due to financial problems, the Ictineo II was sold as scrap in 1868.
Other inventions of his were a machine to make folders, a machine to make cigarettes (the only one he patented, in 1866); some feed for rabbits made from willow wood, a process for manufacturing cold soap; some synthetic shoe soles, a liquid glue for wood; some sleeves for motor cylinders, shoe polish, a velograph or device for obtaining copies of a written or drawn original, a project for a funicular tramway for Tarragona, a project to bring the waters of the Ter to Barcelona, a rotating steam receiver, and a meat preservation system, among others.
the republican regime and where he put into practice a process of his invention to increase the speed of production of adhesive paper. Before shareholders, the press and the general public, he managed to make the ship sail completely submerged for 2 hours and 20 minutes at a depth of 20 m, and make it return to the surface.
The official tests would take place in the port of Alicante on March 7, 1861, with the presence of Navy authorities; the government of Isabel II appointed several study commissions with a view to offering aid to the project that never came, despite popular enthusiasm and the support of the Economic Societies of Friends of the Country.
There are several monuments in honor of the Catalan engineer such as the 1963 monument to Narcís Monturiol by the sculptor Josep Maria Subirachs, located on Avenida Diagonal in Barcelona, the monument on Rambla de Figueres inaugurated in 1918, or the replicas of Ictíneo I in the Maritime Museum of Barcelona and the Ictíneo II in the Old Port of Barcelona.
The engine employed a chemical mix of magnesiumperoxide, zinc and potassium chlorate that reacted generating the temperature needed for the production of steam and gave as a gas product oxygen which, was collected in exhaust tanks and was used afterwards for breathing and illumination purposes. Monturiol’s legacy continues to inspire scientists, engineers, and explorers, reminding us of the boundless possibilities of human ingenuity and the deep connection between science, innovation, and the betterment of society.
On 28 September 2011, a Google Doodle was created to celebrate Narciso Monturiol’s 192nd Birthday.
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In 1846 he married his wife Emilia and after learning the trade as a typesetter, he founded in 1847 a printing press called Librería Oriental on La Rambla in Barcelona from which he disseminated the Icarian ideals, particularly through the magazine La Fraternidad (1847-1848), the first Spanish communist periodical.
Biography
He was born into a family of artisans; His father was a boat owner, and his father's business gave him the opportunity to learn about procedures related to waterproofing.
Four sealed compartments of 8 m³ were symmetrically located on each side and guaranteed buoyancy when they where empty. A weight could be displaced longitudinally following a rail in order to ensure horizontality while diving. He was inspired by the idea of creating a vessel that could explore the depths of the ocean, envisioning its potential for scientific discovery and commercial applications.
In 1857, Monturiol launched the Ictineo I, one of the world’s first operational submarines.
Immersion was achieved by means of an horizontal helix that could turn in both senses and pumps of density and air for the purposes of ensuring stability and flotation.