Al-jazari biography
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The system had water from a lake turn a scoop-wheel and a system of gears which transported jars of water up to a water channel that led to mosques and hospitals in the city.[42]
Automata
Al-Jazari built automated moving peacocks driven by hydropower.[43] He also created automatic doors as part of one of his elaborate water clocks,[9] and invented water wheels with cams on their axle used to operate automata.[33] According to Encyclopædia Britannica, the Italian Renaissance inventor Leonardo da Vinci may have been influenced by the classic automata of al-Jazari.[44]
Mark E.
Rosheim summarizes the advances in robotics made by Muslim engineers, especially al-Jazari, as follows:
Unlike the Greek designs, these Arab examples reveal an interest, not only in dramatic illusion, but in manipulating the environment for human comfort. This water-raising machine had a direct significance for the development of modern engineering.
These parts were used by him in his following discoveries:
- Elephant Clock & Water-Clock:
Al-Jazari’s most famous invention is the Elephant Clock in which a large complex mechanical elephant figurine was made in a clock shape. He is best known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (Arabic: كتاب في معرفة الحيل الهندسية, also known as Automata) in 1206, where he described 50 mechanical devices, along with instructions on how to construct them.Apart from Archimedes’ work, he also studied the Banu Musa brothers’ contribution to making water fountains. Among many of his discoveries are some mechanical parts like a shaft – a straight rod to move the object around, and a pump – to raise the water to heights. This book gives basic knowledge of how to build machines and their parts. 1139) for musical automata.
The automata were operated from the dish at the bottom of the candle.
- ↑ 33.033.133.233.3Donald Hill (1996), A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times, Routledge, p. This operation was achieved through his innovative use of hydraulic switching.[9]
Al-Jazari created a musical automaton, which was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests at royal drinking parties.
R. (1975). "Donald R. Hill (tr.): The book of knowledge of ingenious mechanical devices (Kitāb fῑ ma'rifat al-ḥiyal alhandasiyya), by Ibn al-Razzāz al-Jazarῑ. He worked on the concepts behind the moving parts of machines of earlier Greek and Muslim scholars. His father worked at Artuklu Palace in Turkey. The Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul.
Al-Jazari also constructed a water-raising saqiya chain pump which was run by hydropower rather than manual labour, though the Chinese were also using hydropower for chain pumps prior to him. He earned popularity for inventing machines.
Before this, he also invented a water clock and a candle clock.
- Surgical Instruments:
Al-Jazari also practiced medicine and developed several surgical instruments to perform complex surgical processes with precision.- Water-Raising Machine:
One of his other well-known inventions was the water-raising machine, known as the “Saqiya chain pump”.He is credited with the invention of the elephant clock. The scribe with his pen was synonymous to the hour hand of a modern clock.[33][56] Al-Jazari's famous water-powered scribe clock was reconstructed successfully at the Science Museum, London in 1976. The automaton is described to ‘perform a with a clamorous sound which is heard from afar’ and could play several different tunes.[55] Like many other automatons by Al-Jazari, this was created to entertain guests at the royal palace.