Pope alexander ii biography of christopher
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Robert Appleton Company.
In The Catholic Encyclopedia.New York: Robert Appleton Company.http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03729a.htm
MLA citation.Mann, Horace."Pope Christopher."The Catholic Encyclopedia.Vol. This privilege is the only one of Christopher's acts which is extant (ibid., 3532, 2d ed.). As Leo appears to have soon died in his prison, Christopher may be regarded as pope after his death.
Foreseeing a civil war, the cardinals on 30 September completed the election by the ceremony of enthronization.
Meanwhile a deputation of the Roman nobles, who were enraged at their elimination as a dominant factor in the papal elections, joined by deputies of the unreformed episcopate of Lombardy, had proceeded to the German Court with a request for the royal sanction to a new election.
The latter defended his cause with eloquence and spirit in a council held at Mantua, at Pentecost, 1064 (C. New York. The difficulty in the way of accepting this statement is that there was no Patriarch Sergius at this time. 904), though Vulgarius says he was strangled in prison [Dümmler, Auxilius und Vulgarius (Leipzig, 1866), 160, 135].
Sources
Jafe, Regesta RR.
Pont. (2 ed.), I, 444 sq.; Migne, P.L., CXXXI, 45; Mann, Lives of the Popes, IV; Duchesne, Liber Pontificalis, II, 235.
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Obstat, Nihil. A Greek eleventh-century document (Mon. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.
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Pope Christopher
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The Catholic Encyclopedia
(Reigned 903-904).
Christopher was driven from the Chair of Peter by his successor, Sergius III (January, 904), and compelled to end his days as a monk (Chronicle of Hermannus Contractus, ad an. 4212). In striking contrast to his helplessness amidst the Roman factions is his lofty attitude towards the potentates lay and clerical, of Europe. The Empress Agnes, as regent for her ten-year-old son, Henry IV, convoked an assembly of lay and clerical magnates at Basle; and here, without any legal right, and without the presence of a single cardinal, the Bishop of Parma was declared Pope, and took the name of Honorius II (28 October).
In the contest which ensued, Pope Alexander was supported by the consciousness of the sanctity of his cause, by public opinion clamouring for reform, by the aid of the allied Normans of southern Italy, and by the benevolence of Beatrice and Matilda of Tuscany.
Hergenröther, Ratisbon, 1869) says that Christopher was the first pope who, in his profession of faith which he sent according to custom to Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, stated that the Holy Ghost proceeded "from the Father and from the Son". He did not spare even his protector, Anno of Cologne whom he twice summoned to Rome, once in 1068 to do penance, barefoot, for holding relations with the antipope, and again in 1070 to purge himself of the charge of simony.
He was, moreover, acknowledged as pope by his successors; for, in confirming the privileges of the Abbey of Corbie in France, St. Leo IX mentioned the preceding grants of Benedict and Christopher (Jaffe, Regesta RR. Pont., I, n. Wile, Benzos Panegyricus, Marburg, 1856), and was formally recognized as legitimate Pope.
Under the able generalship of this saintly triumvirate the reform forces were held well in hand, in preparation for the inevitable conflict.
The decree of Nicholas II (1059) by which the right of papal elections was virtually vested in the College of Cardinals, formed the issue to be fought and decided at the next vacancy of the Apostolic Throne.
Christopher was driven from the Chair of Peter by his successor, Sergius III (January, 904), and compelled to end his days as a monk (Chronicle of Hermannus Contractus, ad an.