Charles arthur campbell biography of mahatma gandhi

As part of his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for home rule, Gandhi stressed the importance of economic independence for India.

On a train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class railway compartment and beaten up by a white stagecoach driver after refusing to give up his seat for a European passenger. He spread the message of swaraj and taught Indians how to become independent.

5 Facts About Mahatma Gandhi

• According to Britannica, "The United Nations declared Gandhi's birthday, October 2nd, as the International Day of Non-violence in 2007."
• While the world knows him as Mahatma Gandhi, a beacon of nonviolent resistance and Indian independence, his journey began with a more humble name: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

  Invested with all the authority of the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement into a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in India, including legislatures and schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Gandhi announced the end of the resistance movement, to the dismay of his followers.

He supported the British war effort in World War I but remained critical of colonial authorities for measures he felt were unjust. He returned to India in 1915, after spending 21 years of his life in South Africa, and no doubt, there he fought for civil rights and at this time he was transformed into a new person.

Mahatma Gandhi: Role in the Indian Independence Movement

In 1915, Gandhiji returned to India permanently and joined the Indian National Congress with Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his mentor. Gandhi's first major achievement was in 1918 when he led the Champaran and Kheda agitations of Bihar and Gujarat.

At the age of 19, Mohandas left home to study law in London at the Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges.

Campbell considered his work on human cognition and its relationship to a ‘suprarational’, non-physical reality to be of equal importance to his discussion of free will. During its final phase in 1913, hundreds of Indians living in South Africa, including women, went to jail, and thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot.

His simplistic lifestyle won him, admirers, both in India and the outside world. In 1919, Gandhi launched an organized campaign of passive resistance in response to Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Acts, which gave colonial authorities emergency powers to suppress subversive activities. This incident had a serious effect on him and he decided to protest against racial discrimination.

Drawn back into the political fray by the outbreak of World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding a British withdrawal from India in return for Indian cooperation with the war effort. A Scottish metaphysical philosopher, he is associated with British Idealism and espoused the concept of free will. Meanwhile, some of his party colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a leading voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew frustrated with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of concrete gains.

His father’s name was Karamchand Gandhi and his mother’s name was Putlibai. He was popularly known as Bapu (Father).

Mahatma Gandhi: Early Life and Family Background

He was born on 2 October, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat. Let us tell you that in his earlier days, he was deeply influenced by the stories of Shravana and Harishchandra as they reflected the importance of truth.

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Mahatma Gandhi: Education 

When Gandhi was 9 years old he went to a local school at Rajkot and studied the basics of arithmetic, history, geography, and languages.

He joined Samaldas college in Bhavnagar in 1888 at Gujarat. He soon accepted a position with an Indian firm that sent him to its office in South Africa.

Serving as an officer during the First World War, he was medically discharged in 1917. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deeply religious mother was a devoted practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, an ascetic religion governed by tenets of self-discipline and nonviolence.