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He co-founded a newspaper named Rakyat_People^Indonesian with Sjamsuddin Sutan Makmur and Rinto Alwi. In 1952, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in cinematography from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in the United States.

2.2. Written Works

Usmar Ismail's literary output complemented his cinematic career, showcasing his versatility as a writer across various genres and his insightful reflections on film.

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Usmar Ismail

FILM DIRECTOR

1921 - 1971

Usmar Ismail

Usmar Ismail (20 March 1921 – 2 January 1971) was an Indonesian film director, author, journalist and revolutionary of Minangkabau descent. However, the production and post-production process encountered significant problems.

His portrait was also immortalized on a special Indonesian postage stamp issued in 1997, further illustrating his continued cultural relevance and national importance.

7. On 30 October 2021, President Joko Widodo posthumously awarded him the title of National Hero of Indonesia, making him one of four individuals to receive this honor on Indonesia's Heroes Day that year.

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He actively mentored new talent, such as Nya' Abbas Akup, and was known for discovering and launching the careers of many actors, including Nurnaningsih and Indriati Iskak. He was a co-founder of the Indonesian National Film Corporation, alongside Djamaluddin Malik and other industry figures, and served as its chairman from 1954 to 1965. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, he joined the Keimin Bunka Sidosho_{Japanese Cultural Center}^Japanese, where he collaborated with Armijn Pane and other cultural figures to stage dramas.

The Pusat Perfilman H. Usmar Ismail (H. Major Films and Directorial Style

Ismail's directorial debut was Harta Karun (1949), following his assistance to Andjar Asmara in directing Gadis Desa in the same year. He is widely regarded as the native Indonesian pioneer of the cinema of Indonesia. The disappointment and stress from the failed Italian film collaboration are believed to have contributed to his declining health in the period leading up to his death.

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He served as the chief of the Indonesian Association of Muslim Artists (Lembaga Seniman Muslimin Indonesia_Lesbumi^Indonesian) from 1962 to 1969. Biography

Usmar Ismail's life journey, from his early education in West Sumatra and Yogyakarta to his studies in the United States, laid the foundation for his diverse career in arts, media, and public service.

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This achievement significantly raised the global profile of Indonesian cinema.

3.1.5. While preparing for Kafedo, he provided opportunities and training for young individuals interested in film direction, through which figures like Nya' Abbas Akup entered the film industry. This experience left him deeply disappointed, and this betrayal is believed to have contributed to his subsequent illness.

Films such as Darah dan Doa (Blood and Prayer) and Enam Djam di Djogdja (Six Hours in Jogja) are considered to embody distinct Indonesian characteristics by film critics. His vision was to create a national film industry that genuinely reflected Indonesian identity, culture, and aspirations, moving beyond the Dutch-made films that had dominated since 1926.

After him are Jeroen Brouwers (1940), Caesar ten Cate (1890), Edu Snethlage (1886), Jan Kok (1889), Retno Marsudi (1962), and Jan-Just Bos (1939).

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Usmar Ismail

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Usmar Ismail was a prominent Indonesian film director

Career

He was of a Minangkabau descent.