Miguel de leon biography of henry viii
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"Henry VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Ironically, the annulments undermined the process under which Boleyn and Howard were executed: annulments operate on the basis that there had never been a marriage. Wales and its marches were brought into legal union with the rest of England by the statutes of Wales (1534-1536); and after the Pilgrimage of Grace the Council of the North was set up to bring into subjection the extensive jurisdictions of the northern earls.
The secular importance of Henry's activity has been somewhat obscured by his achievements in the sphere of ecclesiastical politics; but no small part of his energies was devoted to the task of expanding the royal authority at the expense of temporal competitors. Henry, played by Robert Shaw, also appears as one of the main characters in the multiple-Academy Award (Oscar)-winning movie about Thomas More, A Man for All Seasons (1966), based upon Robert Bolt's play of the same name.
1524
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
He was also involved in the construction and improvement of several buildings, including King's College, Cambridge; Christ Church, Oxford; Hampton Court Palace, Nonsuch Palace, and Westminster Abbey.
He had been betrothed to his brother's widow Catherine of Aragon, and in spite of the protest which he had been made to register against the marriage, and of the doubts expressed by Pope Julius II and Archbishop Warham as to its validity, it was completed in the first few months of his reign.
Dover was the main route for travel across the channel to Europe, and a source of tax-revenue on imports. Abbots and priors lost their seats in the House of Lords; only archbishops and bishops came to comprise the ecclesiastical element of the body. "The medical death of Henry VIII." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. Gardiner had almost been sent to the Tower, and Norfolk and Surrey were condemned to death, while Cranmer asserted that it was Henry VIII's intention to convert the mass into a communion service.
Though Henry originally refused to believe the allegations, he allowed Cranmer to conduct an investigation, which resulted in Queen Catherine's implication. The Act of Supremacy 1534 declared that the King was ‘the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England’; the Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the King as such.
Lord Herbert of Cherbury's Life and Reign of Henry (1649), while good for its time, is based upon a very partial knowledge of the sources and somewhat antiquated principles of historical scholarship. In 1494, he was created Duke of York. He became increasingly paranoid and irritable, with a hair-trigger temper.
In 1535, Henry added the ‘supremacy phrase’ to the royal style, which became "Henry the Eighth, by the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland and of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head." In 1536, the phrase "of the Church of England" changed to "of the Church of England and also of Church of Ireland."
In 1542, Henry changed the title "Lord of Ireland" to "King of Ireland" after being advised that many Irish people regarded the Pope as the true head of their country, with the Lord acting as a mere representative.
Francis was overweighted, and his defeat at Pavia in 1525 made the emperor supreme. "Henry VIII: health, medicine and medical practice in sixteenth‐century England." ANZ Journal of Surgery 90, no. But Charles left his ally in the lurch and concluded the peace of Crepy that same month; and in 1545 Henry had to face alone a French invasion of the Isle of Wight.