Biography of filippo giordano bruno
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Happiness was not so much a goal, in this or some future life, as the transient state of mind occurring as we passed from a privation to its opposite. What changed Bruno’s fortunes decisively was the advent of “Spinozism”. All three emanations—Being, Universal Intellect and Universal Soul—of his trinitarian God directly informed the universe.
[2] The numerous charges against Bruno, based on some of his books as well as on witness accounts, included blasphemy, immoral conduct, and heresy in matters of dogmatic theology, and involved some of the basic doctrines of his philosophy and cosmology. He also considered that neither were the rotational orbits circular, nor was the movement uniform.
In the second half of the 16th century, the theories of Copernicus (1473–1543) began diffusing through Europe.
The “uneducated populace” (BOI I, 525; II, 514–515) could not aspire to philosophical perfection. (A journal dedicated mainly to Bruno and Campanella.)
After several months and some quibbling the Venetian authorities reluctantly consented and Bruno was sent to Rome in February 1593.
The monument to Bruno in the place he was executed,
Campo de' Fiori in Rome. Robert G. Bury, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (Loeb Classical Library), 1929.
This was a précis of the scholastic opinion, based on two passages of On the Soul (II.2, 413b24–27; III.5, 430a17–23) and another in On Generation and Corruption (II.3, 736b27–29), that Aristotle had shown the intellectual soul to be immortal (BW III, 353–356). His views spurred controversy, notably with John Underhill, Rector of Lincoln College and from 1589 bishop of Oxford, and George Abbot, who later became Archbishop of Canterbury, who poked fun at Bruno for supporting “the opinion of Copernicus that the earth did go round, and the heavens did stand still; whereas in truth it was his own head which rather did run round, and his brains did not stand still.”[12] and who reports accusations that Bruno plagiarized Ficino's work.
It also operated in accordance with a final and therefore extrinsic cause: the perfection of the universe (Knox 2013).
The Stoics, as Bruno knew, had similarly proposed that the cosmos comprised two mutually dependent principles, the World Soul or pneuma and matter, active and passive respectively, with the former accommodating Mind.
Ficino, Platonic Theology, IV.1, for the analogy). Parole, concetti, immagini, 3 vols, Pisa: Edizioni della Normale. Giordano Bruno: Philosopher/Heretic.
In the universe, the One Being, all potentialities were at any given moment actualized somewhere in its infinite extent.
Similarly, the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) asserts, "Bruno was not condemned for his defense of the Copernican system of astronomy, nor for his doctrine of the plurality of inhabited worlds, but for his theological errors, among which were the following: that Christ was not God but merely an unusually skilful magician, that the Holy Ghost is the soul of the world, that the Devil will be saved, etc." Turner, William.
Initially, by contemplating the One Being, the universe, with the help of the senses and reason (Section 3; BOL I.3, 149; BOI I, 263). Modern edition of the Italian text in BOI II, 485–753.)
10: 314–315.