Abdul hamid ii biography graphic organizer
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Russia continued to mobilize for war.
He rejected the colonial agenda. ISBN 978-9757104667
Disintegration
Abdul Hamid's biggest fear, near dissolution, was coming to effect by the Russians declaration of war on April 24, 1877 and following Russian victory by February 1878.
However, his Pan-Islamic campaigns did not address the grievances of non-Muslim subjects, and ongoing insurgencies in the Balkans, along with unrest among various religious minorities, fueled the empire’s disintegration.
Growing Dissent and the Young Turk Revolution
The sultan’s authoritarian methods galvanized diverse opposition movements.
Panislamic propaganda was encouraged; the privileges of foreigners in the Ottoman Empire, which were often seen as an obstacle to government, were curtailed. His reign saw significant modernization efforts but also repressive policies and territorial losses.
What were Abdul Hamid II’s major reforms?
He modernized education, expanded railways and telegraphs, and restructured the Ottoman bureaucracy.
Adopted by Perestu Kadın, who also cared for one of his half-sisters, he grew up under the protection of the imperial harem.
It is believed he was born in either Çırağan Palace or Topkapı Palace in Constantinople, centers of Ottoman dynastic life.
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On December 17, Abdülhamid opened the Turkish parliament with a speech from the throne in which he said that the first parliament had been "temporarily dissolved until the education of the people had been brought to a sufficiently high level by the extension of instruction throughout the empire." No significant educational reforms had taken place over the previous 30 years.
He upheld his trust to Allah and to the Ummah.
The Forgotten Ummah does not remember him as the last sultan. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
The Russia's pan-Slavism, pan-Hellennism, was stronger than Ottomanism, in the Ottoman Empire. In the Sultan's view, the Ottoman Empire was a European empire, distinct for having more Muslims than Christians. So did Abdul Hamid.
A Leadership of Moral Clarity
Abdul Hamid II, who ruled from 1876 to 1909, was the last Ottoman Sultan to wield effective executive power.
Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Labeled the “Red Sultan,” he oversaw modernization projects alongside oppressive policies.
His downfall reflected demands for greater governance. Library of Congress.