Nicolai hartmann biography definition

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Revolutionary uprisings there led to the closing of the university in 1905. The constant efforts of the best minds and the accumulated experience of humankind have been able to explore some of their territories, and partially to map their landmarks. This is the work of categorial analysis, the central task of ontology. All of these theoretical standpoints invariably commit the chief fallacy, identified by Hartmann, of attempting to use one set of categories to explain the entirety of the real world (Peterson 2012).

He had a perennial suspicion of ultimate solutions. The last two laws of novelty and distance are what give the impression of the ontological irreducibility of the strata (A50b). It meant rejecting ready-made standpoints, ungrounded speculation, system-building, and extreme, improbable conclusions. but never vice versa.

2 Law of Modification: The categorical elements modify during their recurrence in the higher levels (they are shaped by the characteristics of the higher levels).

3 Law of the Novum: …[the] higher category…[is] composed of a diversity of lower elements, [it] contains a specific novum,…which is…[not]…included in the lower levels….

4 Law of Distance between Levels: The different levels do not develop continuously, but in leaps.

Similarly, the Dasein of the branch is the Sosein of the tree, the Dasein of the leaf is the Sosein of the branch, and the Dasein of the vein is the Sosein of the leaf. In light of these clashes, a frequent source of error is fetishizing one value at the expense of others, leading to the tyranny of a single value.

He goes so far as to say that values reach fulfillment only in synthesis with others.

The ever-present conflicts of values are also a condition of personal freedom, because no decision would be needed if there were no conflict (ET3 16e). In Neue Wege der Ontologie (1942; New Ways of Ontology), Hartmann completely reversed the Kantian position that mind constructs reality through thought, and claimed that epistemology depends on ontology, not the opposite.

Philosophy of Nature examines the ontological dimensions and categories of the cosmological, physical, and biological sciences of his day. Questions dealing with God and immortality belonged to the realm of knowledge that could be considered irrational and might never be comprehensible to human beings. Preuss.

The general in reality is real only “in” individuals (A37e). Unfortunately, there is no a priori way to determine which is which. This psychological or mental stratum includes awareness, unconscious processes, pleasure and pain, conditioned learning, habit, associative memory, communication, emotional response, problem-solving intelligence, and the categories of rigid social relations (NW).

Naturalism misunderstands this because it fails to see purposefulness properly as noncausal (ET1 20e). In the years 1902–1903 he studied Medicine at the University of Tartu (then Jurjev), and 1903–1905 classical philology and philosophy at the Saint Petersburg Imperial University with his friend Vasily Sesemann. “Real moral life is not such that one can stand guiltless in it.

Hartmann suffered from being compared with his popular Marburg successor, Martin Heidegger, who was regarded as being much more radical and interesting. These ends are values.

The first volume of his tetrology, Das Problem des geistigen Seins (1933), examined the various types of being, not only the general concept of being itself (das Seiende), but existence (Dasein) and essence (Sosein), and the types of being designated by the adjectives "real" and "ideal" (Seinsweisen). The second volume, Möglichkeit und Wirklichkeit(Possibility and Actuality) (1938), discussed modes of being, such as possibility and actuality, necessity and contingency, impossibility and unreality.