Botcha satyanarayana biography of albert einstein
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He is best known for his theory of relativity, which holds that measurements of space and time vary according to conditions such as the state of motion of the observer.
Einstein's formal secondary education ended at age sixteen.
McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. Einstein proved that the electrons are not ejected in a constant stream but like bullets from a gun, in units, or "quanta." Although Einstein's famous equation for the photoelectric effect—for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921—appears obvious today, it was an extremely bold prediction in 1905.
On the advice of the principal, he first obtained his diploma at the Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland, and in 1896 he was automatically admitted into the FIT. There he came to realize that he was more interested in and better suited for physics than mathematics. If this were true, the speed of light would depend on an observer's speed relative to the ether.
Einstein developed thought experiments based on this premise. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Books, 1995.
Einstein passed his examination to graduate from the FIT in 1900, but due to the opposition of one of his professors he was unable to go on to obtain the usual university assistantship. However, rigorous experimentation had shown that light moved at the same speed for all observers.
It was in Bern, too, that Einstein, at twenty-six, completed the requirements for his doctoral degree and wrote the first of his revolutionary scientific papers. He presented an equation for the photoelectric effect, in which electrons (particles in the outer portion of an atom that are said to have a "negative" electrical charge equal to that of protons, particles with a larger mass that are said to have a "positive" electrical charge) are ejected from a metal surface that has been exposed to light.
The second article contained Einstein’s experimental proof of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian motion, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.
In the third and most famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted the apparent contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and time and James Clerk Maxwell’s idea that the speed of light was a constant.
This led to an all-out U.S. effort to construct such a bomb. Einstein demonstrated that this motion was the result of many tiny molecules colliding with the pollen. He accepted their offer in 1914, saying, "The Germans are gambling on me as they would on a prize hen. In 1921, he won the Nobel Prize for his work on the photoelectric effect, as his work on relativity remained controversial at the time.
Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark, both Nobel Prize–winning physicists, began referring to Einstein's theory of relativity as "Jewish physics." These kinds of attacks increased until Einstein resigned from the Prussian Academy of Science in 1933.
He went there in 1933.