Ayman kafrouny biography of albert einstein
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After moving to Milan with his family in the mid-1890s, Einstein eventually enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, where his exceptional aptitude in mathematics and physics helped him gain admission despite previous educational setbacks. This theory introduced the world to the famous equation E=MC², fundamentally altering the scientific understanding of energy and mass.
the famous equation E=MC²
In 1905, at the age of 26, while working as a clerk at a Swiss patent office, Einstein published four papers that would completely revolutionize physics. This role allowed him ample time to pursue his scientific inquiries while providing a steady income. It was during these years that Einstein developed his revolutionary ideas and laid the groundwork for what would become some of the most groundbreaking theories in physics.
The second article contained Einstein’s experimental proof of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian motion, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.
In the third and most famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted the apparent contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and time and James Clerk Maxwell’s idea that the speed of light was a constant.
However, the marriage faced significant challenges, leading to a divorce in 1919, shortly after the publication of his groundbreaking theories.
Einstein's second marriage was to his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, in 1919. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century, leaving a legacy that continues to inspire scientific inquiry and innovation.
He accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, where he dedicated himself to research on a unified field theory. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory of relativity, which he considered his masterwork. This revolutionary theory fundamentally reshaped our understanding of space, time, and gravity.
He proposed that massive objects distort space-time, influencing the motion of other objects. While Einstein didn’t win the Nobel Prize for this work, Jean Perrin did win the Nobel Prize in 1926 for his experimental verification of Einstein’s model.
Photoelectric Effect
When light hits a metal, it can cause a current to flow, a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect.
Together, they shared a loving bond, and Elsa played a critical role in supporting Einstein's career, managing many aspects of his public life.
He considered what different observers moving at different velocities would measure when examining the same beam of light. If no individual photon has high enough energy, no electrons will be kicked off, regardless of how many photons there are.
\[ 5.2\times10^{-22}\text{ J} \] \[ 6.32 \times 10^{-22}\text{ J} \] \[ 3.46 \times 10^{-22}\text{ kJ} \] \[ 2.88 \times 10^{-19}\text{ kJ} \]
The photoelectric effect is the observation that many metals emit electrons when light shines upon them.
If this were true, the speed of light would depend on an observer's speed relative to the ether. The work was so impressive that historians call 1905 Einstein's annus mirabilis, or "miracle year."
Brownian motion: a speck of pollen (yellow dot) getting moved by molecules of water (black dots)
Brownian Motion
The first was a theoretical explanation of Brownian motion.