Banu musa brothers biography of mahatma gandhi

Home / Religious & Spiritual Figures / Banu musa brothers biography of mahatma gandhi

The action of this jar resembles that of a modern sink in a public toilet.

The Haunted Bottle

A uniquely designed bottle with two heads. They also measured the length of a year[specify] to be 365 days and 6 hours.[1]

Politics

Although they were not made famous by their politics, they did have interests outside the world of science, mainly the oldest brother Muhammad.[citation needed] They were employed by the caliphs for many different projects, including the canal mentioned above, and they were also a part of a team of 20 hired to build the town of al-D̲j̲aʿfariyya for al-Mutawakkil.

Their eldest son, Harilal, struggled to find his path under the shadow of his father’s immense influence, while the other sons navigated their own journeys during India's tumultuous struggle for independence. Their aim was to simplify people’s lives by creating useful and practical devices. Some theorems included in this book are not found in any work of the Greek mathematicians.

  • Conic Sections of Apollonius of Perga, a recension of the Greek work, which was first translated to Arabic by Hilāl al-ḥimṣī and Thābit ibn Qurra.
  • Book on an Oblong Round Figure, which contains a description of procedure used to draw an ellipse using a string, now called the gardener's construction.
  • A treatise containing a discussion [which?] between Ahmad and Sanad ibn ʿAli.
  • Book on a Geometric Proposition Proved by Galen.

    • See also

    • Nuʿaym ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā, the son of Abu Ja'far Muhammad, wrote a mathematical treatise.
    • Inventions in the Muslim world
    • Islamic Golden Age
    • Islamic science

    References

    1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.3O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Banu Musa brothers", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Banu_Musa.html .
    2. ↑A History of Science in World Cultures: Voices of Knowledge : page 221 : "Three brothers associated with the institution who acted as both patrons and authors were the Banu Musa, Persian sons of a court astrologer/astronomer"
    3. ↑Bennison, Amira K. (2009). The great caliphs : the golden age of the 'Abbasid Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-300-15227-2. https://archive.org/details/greatcaliphsgold00benn. "Another important Persian lineage descended from an astronomer were the three Banu Musa brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad and Hasan, who hailed from the northeastern province of Khurasan." 
    4. ↑"The 9th-Century Islamic "Instrument Which Plays by Itself"". 12 April 2016. https://hyperallergic.com/285064/the-9th-century-islamic-instrument-which-plays-by-itself/. 
    5. ↑Long, Jason; Murphy, Jim; Carnegie, Dale; Kapur, Ajay (2017). "Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music". Organised Sound 22 (2): 195–205. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000103. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/organised-sound/article/loudspeakers-optional-a-history-of-nonloudspeakerbased-electroacoustic-music/381B3A3C2DF674FEAC83E2DBE8952AE4. 
    6. ↑ 7.07.1Gutas, Dimitri (1998-07-23). Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early 'Abbasaid Society. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 0415061334. https://archive.org/details/greekthoughtarab00guta. 
    7. ↑ 9.09.19.2Masood, Ehsad (2009). Science and Islam A History. Icon Books Ltd. pp. 161–163. https://archive.org/details/scienceislamhist00maso. 

    Further reading

    • Casulleras, Josep (2007). "Banū Mūsā". in Thomas Hockey. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 92–4. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Banu_Musa_BEA.htm.  (PDF version)
    • Masood, Ehsad (2009). Science and Islam A History. Icon Books Ltd. pp. 161–163. https://archive.org/details/scienceislamhist00maso. 
    • Al-Darrbagh, J. (1970). "Banū Mūsā". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830900258.html. 
    • Pingree, D. (1988). "Banū Mūsā". Encyclopædia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/banu-musa-the-name-applied-to-three-brothers-abbasid-astronomers-whose-father-was-musa-b. 
    • O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Banu Musa brothers", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Banu_Musa.html .
    • Rashed, Roshdi (1996). Les Mathématiques Infinitésimales du IXe au XIe Siècle 1: Fondateurs et commentateurs: Banū Mūsā, Ibn Qurra, Ibn Sīnān, al-Khāzin, al-Qūhī, Ibn al-Samḥ, Ibn Hūd. London.  Reviews: Seyyed Hossein Nasr (1998) in Isis89 (1) pp.

      (Moscow, 1966), pp. 131–139.

    • Ramon Guardans, A Brief Note on the anwā' Texts of the Late Tenth Century, in: Variantology 4. However, during the reign of al-Wathiq and al-Mutawakkil internal rivalries arose between the scholars in the House of Wisdom.

      banu musa brothers biography of mahatma gandhi

      They were later employed by al-Mutawakkil to construct a canal for the new city of al-Jafariyya.[1]

      Mathematics and mechanics

      The Banu Musa had a different view on area and circumference from the Greeks. Some of the devices seem to be replications of earlier Greek works, but the rest were much more advanced than what the Greeks had done.

      It is temperamental; water comes out of it only when the person requiring water appeals to it. But they did not miss including an element of magic and fascination to those devices.

      The Book of Ingenious Devices

      This is one of the most famous of the Banu Musa books. They made many observations on the sun and the moon.

      This foundational stage in Gandhi's life ignited his passion for justice, which would later define his leadership in India's non-violent independence movement against British rule.

      Gandhi's Notable Career Start in South Africa

      Gandhi's notable career began in South Africa, where he first encountered the harsh realities of racial discrimination.

      Astronomy

      They made many observations and contributions to the field of astronomy, writing nearly a dozen publications over their astronomical research. In the research they translated, the Greeks looked at volume and area more in terms of ratios, rather than giving them an actual numerical value. Most of them based such measurements relatively on another object's size.

      By promoting the principle of self-reliance, he encouraged Indians to produce their own goods and boycott British products. 112–113; Charles Burnett (1998) in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London61 (2) p. There were some real practical inventions in the book including a lamp that would mechanically dim, alternating fountains, and a clamshell grab.

      However, his earnings substantially diminished as he transitioned into his role as a political leader and social reformer. Another important work of theirs is the Book on the Measurement of Plane and Spherical Figures, a foundational work on geometry that was frequently quoted by both Islamic and European mathematicians.

      The Banu Musa worked in astronomical observatories established in Baghdad by the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun as well as did research in the House of Wisdom.

      They are known for their Book of Ingenious Devices on automata (automatic machines) and mechanical devices. She often accompanied him during his travels and demonstrations, sharing his burden and supporting his visions for social reform and justice in India.

      Together, they had four surviving sons, each instrumental in shaping Gandhi’s perspectives on fatherhood and family life.