Duke of york 1664 biography of barack
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On 27 August 1664 four frigates with some 450 soldiers under the command of Richard Nicolls entered New York Harbor, demanded Stuyvesant’s surrender and promised the settlers that they could “peaceably enjoy whatsoever God’s blessing and their own honest industry have furnished them with and all other privileges with his majesty’s English subjects.”
Stuyvesant intended to resist, but badly outnumbered and with no support from either the WIC or his own citizenry he was forced to surrender.
In 1664 Charles granted James all of the American territory between the Delaware and Connecticut Rivers.1 Of course directly in the middle of this land grant was New Amsterdam. Back
| Source: The Federal and State Constitutions Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America Compiled and Edited Under the Act of Congress of June 30, 1906 by Francis Newton Thorpe Washington, DC : Government Printing Office, 1909. |
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JAMESSign'd, seal'd and deliver'd in the presence of
WILLIAM COVENRYE,
THOMAS HEYWOOD.
(1) Verified by "Grants and Concessions of New Jersey." Leaming & Spicer.
His younger brother James II became the Duke of York and Lord High Admiral. Finally the English ships in the harbor emphasize their victory over the Dutch. Domini, 1664. James was defeated, fled to France and died in exile at Saint-Germain in 1701.
Source
BBC.James II (1633-1701). He appointed Catholics to military, political and academic positions, and promulgated the Declaration of Indulgence.
A Roman Catholic, James advocated for toleration of Catholics and Protestant dissenters. Against the backdrop of the Anglo-Dutch wars, Charles asserted England’s claim to New Netherland by granting James a patent to the colony.
In witness whereof the parties aforesaid to these presents have interchangeably set their hands and seals, the day and year first above written. Charles, however, vowed to “bring all his Kingdoms under one form of government, both in church and state, and to install the Anglican government as in old England.”
At his own expense James sent a flotilla of warships to capture the Dutch colony.
Library of Congress
It took two more Anglo-Dutch wars to sort this all out but in the end the Dutch relinquished their claim. Incensed, the Anglican establishment invited William of Orange, the Protestant husband of James’s daughter Mary, to seize the English throne and when James found that he did not have the support of either the English army or navy, he fled abroad.
William and Mary were crowned joint monarchs of England in February 1689.
New Amsterdam under the control of the WIC became New York under the control of James II.
The source of the map, which claims to show the city “as it was in September 1661” was most likely the survey of Jacques Cortelyou, although other historians have suggested William Hack, Augustine Herrman or even an English spy living amongst the Dutch.
The map itself, a 27¼ × 21¾" ink and watercolor on vellum manuscript, was prepared in 1664 by one of the decorative chart makers near the Tower of London – a master of the Thames School – and may have accompanied the town's request to the Duke of York for his patronage.2 It entered the royal collections and was presented to the British Museum in the 1820s by George IV.
It is now part of the King’s Topographical Collection in the British Library.3
It was found in 1858 by George Moore, librarian of the New York Historical Society, who named it “the Duke’s Plan.” A lithographic reproduction was included in the next edition of the Valentine’s Manual and was copied by Henry Dunreath Tyler, ca.1890: 4
The 1890 lithograph, Harvard Map Collection
The bird’s-eye view shows all of the city south of the wall and some of the lots north as well as settlements on Long Island and New Jersey.
James escaped to continental Europe where he distinguished himself as a soldier and, when his elder brother Charles II was restored to the throne, he returned to England and was appointed commander of the Royal Navy. English names replace those of the Dutch: e.g. Stuyvesant’s house, which would eventually be named Whitehall is listed here as the Governours House.
Access at www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_ii.shtml
After the English Restoration in 1660 Charles II, from the House of Stuart, became king.