Natarajan subramaniam biography of mahatma gandhi
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His unwavering commitment to nonviolent resistance, his charisma, and his ability to mobilise millions made him the Person of the Year by the Time Magazine.
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Along with his wife, Kasturbai, and their children, Gandhi remained in South Africa for nearly 20 years.
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In the famous Salt March of April-May 1930, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea. The march resulted in the arrest of nearly 60,000 people, including Gandhi himself.
Gandhi was appalled by the discrimination he experienced as an Indian immigrant in South Africa.
He accused Gandhi of favoring Pakistan and was opposed to the doctrine of non-violence.
Mahatma Gandhi: Literary works
Gandhi was a prolific writer. He was also considered the father of the country. He was in high school at that time. While Gandhiji was in jail his wife Kasturbai passed away. He returned to India in 1915, after spending 21 years of his life in South Africa, and no doubt, there he fought for civil rights and at this time he was transformed into a new person.
Mahatma Gandhi: Role in the Indian Independence Movement
In 1915, Gandhiji returned to India permanently and joined the Indian National Congress with Gopal Krishna Gokhale as his mentor. Gandhi's first major achievement was in 1918 when he led the Champaran and Kheda agitations of Bihar and Gujarat.
British authorities arrested Gandhi in March 1922 and tried him for sedition; he was sentenced to six years in prison but was released in 1924 after undergoing an operation for appendicitis. Soon the British Government arrested Gandhiji and other top leaders of Congress. He supported the British war effort in World War I but remained critical of colonial authorities for measures he felt were unjust.
He decided to set up legal practice in Bombay but couldn't establish himself. Gandhiji was not satisfied with his studies at Samaldas College and so he became excited by the London proposal and managed to convince his mother and wife that he will not touch non-veg, wine, or women.
Off to London
In the year 1888, Mahatma Gandhi left for London to study law.
He joined Samaldas college in Bhavnagar in 1888 at Gujarat. Thereafter 10 days after arrival, he joined the Inner Temple, one of the four London law colleges, and studied and practiced law. His simplistic lifestyle won him, admirers, both in India and the outside world. After about a week's stay in Durban Gandhiji left for Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal, in connection with a lawsuit.
His father, Karamchand Gandhi, was a Dewan or Prime Minister of Porbandar.
Upon returning to India in mid-1891, he set up a law practice in Bombay, but met with little success. Arrested upon his return by a newly aggressive colonial government, Gandhi began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment of India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused an uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindu community and the government.
In 1934, Gandhi announced his retirement from politics in, as well as his resignation from the Congress Party, in order to concentrate his efforts on working within rural communities.
His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deeply religious mother was a devoted practitioner of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindu god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, an ascetic religion governed by tenets of self-discipline and nonviolence. Later on in his life, Gandhiji denounced the custom of child marriage and termed it as cruel. This incident had a serious effect on him and he decided to protest against racial discrimination.
Tales of atrocities on Hindus in Pakistan provoked Hindus in India and they targeted Muslims.