Bertrand pancit biography of williams

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A more popular response is average utilitarianism, which says that the best consequences are those with the highest average utility (cf. If Don feeds the rotten meat to his little sister, and it makes her sick, then the bad consequences are not intended, foreseen, or even foreseeable by Don, but those bad results are still objectively likely or probable, unlike the case of Alice.

“Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism”, The Philosophical Quarterly, 6: 344–54.

  • –––, 1973. While the requirements to keep one’s promises and to prevent harm to others clearly can conflict, it is far from clear that one of these requirements should always prevail over the other.

    Most will grant this in the Platonic case, and opponents of dilemmas will try to extend this point to all cases. “If You Like It, Does It Matter If It’s Real?”, Philosophical Psychology, 23: 43–57.

  • Dreier, J., 1993. “Persons, Character, and Morality”, in B. Williams, Moral Luck, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    • Who was Bernard Williams?

    Sir BernardArthur Owen Williams was an Englishmoral philosopher, described by The Times as the "most brilliant and most importantBritishmoralphilosopher of his time." His publicationsincludeProblems of the Self, Moral Luck, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, and Truth and Truthfulness.

    bertrand pancit biography of williams

    (Recall Sophocles’ Ajax, whose very identity as a Homeric warrior is undermined by a related sort of shame and ridicule: Williams 1993: 84–5.)

    16. One example that Williams does discuss (PS: 173; see also the more extended remarks at 1993: 132–137) is Agamemnon’s sacrifice of his daughter Iphigeneia for the sake of fair winds for his fleet.

    In some accounts, a rule is accepted when it is built into individual consciences (Brandt 1992). Of course, different philosophers see different respects as the important ones (Portmore 2020). For example, in normal circumstances, if someone were to torture and kill his children, it is possible that this would maximize utility, but that is very unlikely.

    Such acceptance rule consequentialists then claim that an act is morally wrong if and only if it violates a rule whose acceptance has better consequences than the acceptance of any incompatible rule. The Oxford Handbook of Consequentialism. If consequentialists define consequences in terms of what is caused (unlike Sosa 1993), then which future events count as consequences is affected by which notion of causation is used to define consequences.

    “A Non-Utilitarian Approach to Punishment”, Inquiry, 8: 239–55.

  • McNaughton, D., and Rawling, P., 1991. The principle of utility would not allow that kind of sacrifice of the smaller number to the greater number unless the net good overall is increased more than any alternative.

    Classic utilitarianism is consequentialist as opposed to deontological because of what it denies.

    But it is Sophie who must decide which child will be killed. If a coach rightly selected Agnes for the team rather than Belinda, she still is likely to talk to Belinda, encourage her efforts, and offer tips for improving. One reason in support of dilemmas, as noted above, is simply pointing to examples. John Stuart Mill, for example, argued that an act is morally wrong only when both it fails to maximize utility and its agent is liable to punishment for the failure (Mill 1861).

    At a later stage in his career, Williams would surely have written “ethical thought” here: see 1985: 6.

    • 14. When I choose to teach philosophy rather than working for CARE or the Peace Corps, my choice probably fails to maximize utility overall.