Razia sultan biography of barack
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The Public attacked the royal palace and Shah Tukran was detained. The march was led by Malik Qutubuddin Hasan Ghur (army in charge after the death of Saifuddin). But she didn’t know that all of her nobles were also part of the conspiracy. She became the first Muslim female ruler to rule the subcontinent.
Belonging to the Mamluk dynasty, she was the daughter of Mamluk Sultan Iltutmish.
Iltutmish had appointed Razia to be his heir apparent. A new post of naib-i mamlakat (equivalent to regent) was created and assigned to Aitigin.
The nobles of Delhi then distributed all the important iqtas and positions among themselves and the claim of Altunia was completely ignored.
The reason behind this is said that Razia had been efficiently successful in ruling Delhi in 1231-32 when his father was busy with his Gwalior expedition. Amir-i Akhur, (in charge of horses) was the position held by the Turkish nobles till that time, but Razia decided to hand over the position to Yaqut. But it was not easy for the nobles to accept a woman as the Sultan and hence after the death of Iltutmish, they appointed Ruknuddin Firuz as the new ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
Gender Prejudice
As the first female monarch in a Muslim dynasty, Razia constantly faced opposition. Razia also faced the allegations oh her giving undue favours to Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, an Abyssinian slave. History, centuries later, still agrees.
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In the medieval era, the female sect in most of the countries of the world as well as India were struggling for their rights, and their position and was dictated by the patriarchal society.
She impressed the people by assuming her accession as the contract when she asked them to depose her if she could not stand their expectations. Razia treated them with due respect but following the decisions of her ancestors, evidently refused any kind of military alliance against Mongols.
She administered Delhi efficiently, unlike what was thought by the nobles that initially supported her, who thought her of as a puppet ruler.
His misrule and the popular confidence Razia commanded soon reversed the tide, and she ascended the throne as Jalalat al‑Din Razia.
Key features and vocabulary
Chahalgani (The Forty): The influential corps of Turkic slave‑amirs whose power over succession and policy Razia confronted from her first days on the throne.
Iqta and amir‑i‑hajib: Provincial revenue assignments (iqta) and high court offices Razia used to re-balance elite power, elevating both Turk and non-Turk nobles according to loyalty and capacity.
Public kingship: Chroniclers note Razia’s court appearances unveiled and in “male” regalia, coinage and khutba in her own name—gestures asserting full sovereign authority rather than consort status.
Accession against the odds
Razia’s initial legitimacy rested less on the Forty than on Delhi’s populace, jurists, and officers disillusioned with Rukn al‑Din.
In such an era, the Indian subcontinent witnessed the rise of the female ruler in the Delhi Sultanate named Razia Sultan. Her defeat did not erase her precedent; it exposed a structural tension between central monarchy and aristocratic caucus that recurred through the Sultanate’s history. Further, she also started to issue coins in her name and started to appear in public, dressed in traditional male attire.
As soon as Razia returned from Lahore in 1240 and learned that Altunia had turned against her, she decided to march toward Bhatinda. This was considered the result of her assertiveness towards the administration of the Delhi Sultanate which was not expected from the side of nobles. Iltutmish was impressed by Razia’s efficiency and believed that she could be the person who was worthy of the throne after him.
These nobles altogether decided to raise the rebellion on the issue that they could not accept them to be under the woman as their ruler. She proved to be a great ruler, determined for the subjects along with being just and generous to people.