Manmath mishra biography of martin luther king
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In his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, King eloquently spelled out his theory of nonviolence: “Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community, which has constantly refused to negotiate, is forced to confront the issue.”
1963 March on Washington
By the end of the Birmingham campaign, King and his supporters were making plans for a massive demonstration on the nation’s capital composed of multiple organizations, all asking for peaceful change.
Speaking to a crowd of over 250,000 people at the Lincoln Memorial, he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.
Not to be deterred, activists attempted the Selma-to-Montgomery march again. He married Jennie Celeste Parks, and they had one child who survived, Alberta. In June, President Kennedy reacted to the Birmingham protests and the obstinacy of segregationist Alabama Governor George Wallace by agreed to submit broad civil rights legislation to Congress (which eventually passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964).
U.S. Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan first proposed a bill on April 8, 1968, but the first vote on the legislation didn’t happen until 1979. Several lower courts agreed, and the nation’s Supreme Court upheld the ruling in a November 13, 1956, decision that also ruled the state of Alabama’s bus segregation laws were unconstitutional.
His "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered in 1963, used strong imagery to articulate a hopeful future, resonating deeply with civil rights activists and the public.
After the legal defeats and large financial losses, the city of Montgomery lifted the law that mandated segregated public transportation. He was a founding member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and played key roles in several major demonstrations that transformed society.
Offering a brief history lesson on the roots of segregation, King emphasized that there would be no stopping the effort to secure full voting rights, while suggesting a more expansive agenda to come with a call to march on poverty.
Notable Quote: “I come to say to you this afternoon, however difficult the moment, however frustrating the hour, it will not be long, because ‘truth crushed to earth will rise again.’ How long?This event stayed with him, motivating his lifelong fight for equality.
King’s faith was also a considerable influence. Because a federal judge had issued a temporary restraining order on another march, a different approach was taken.
On March 9, 1965, a procession of 2,500 marchers, both Black and white, set out once again to cross the Pettus Bridge and confronted barricades and state troopers.
Born in 1929, he led initiatives like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington. Their daughter Bernice was born the next year.
While working on his doctorate at Boston University, King met Coretta Scott, an aspiring singer and musician at the New England Conservatory school in Boston. The following year, he toured India, increased his understanding of Gandhian non-violent strategies.
While King moved cautiously, southern black college students took the initiative, launching a wave of sit-in protests during the winter and spring of 1960. To date, all 50 states observe the King holiday.
Birth name: Michael Luther King Jr.
His father was also named Michael Luther King, but changed his first name to Martin when he became a minister.
A committee of scholars appointed by Boston University determined that King was guilty of plagiarism in 1991, though it also recommended against the revocation of his degree. He was met with increasing criticism and public challenges from young Black power leaders.