Guangxu biography of william hill

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After January 29, 1898, Kang was granted a special right to have direct access to Emperor Guangxu for closer consultation on the reform. However, the Guangxu Emperor detested Empress Longyu, and spent most of his time with his favourite concubine, Consort Zhen (Chinese: 珍妃), (better known in English as the "Pearl Consort"). After that, Emperor Guangxu again lost his imperial power to the hands of Cixi and he was later house arrested by Cixi.

In 1900, the so-called Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China.

When Guangxu’s imperial tutor Weng Tonghe supported Kang’s advocacies in early 1898, Guangxu became more eager to pursue the new reforms. After an embarrassing defeat, with the help of more progressive Qing mandarins like Kang Youwei, Guangxu issued edicts for a massive number of far-reaching modernization reforms.

Education

Emperor Guangxu was therefore raised under the total domination of Cixi, who maintained full influence over him.

Kang Youwei, a young and active scholar, who had similar concerns about China as Guangxu did, attracted the emperor's attention. When, on 12 January 1875 the Tongzhi Emperor died childless, Empress Dowager Ci'an suggested enthroning one of Prince Gong’s sons as the next emperor, but she was overruled by Cixi. Like all other newly sprouted enterprises, they were very weak and represented only a small fraction of the total investment in industry.

Court politics

Two sources of conflict characterized Court politics during the period of the Self-Strengthening Movement.

On 12 January 1875, Zaitian's cousin, the Tongzhi Emperor, died without a son to succeed him. Guangxu eventually preferred to spend time with Zhen, neglecting his Empress, much to Cixi's dismay. Guangxu was placed under house arrest and Kang Youwei fled to Japan. With Guangxu married off, Cixi retired from the regency, but continued to influence his decisions and actions.

These tensions determined the character and ultimately the successes and failures of the movement.

Both the conservative and the progressive factions believed in military modernization and adopting military technology from the West; where they differed was whether or not to reform the political system. He was interested in new ideas introduced to China at this time by Westerners, and particularly concerned about the national identity and survival of China in the midst of the menace of invasion from the West.

Connections

The Guangxu Emperor had one empress and two consorts in total.

Since the Opium War, within the Qing emperors, only Guangxu recognized the inadequateness of traditional politics and culture. Guangxu was put under house arrest and died at the age of 38 on November 14, 1908, just a day before Empress Dowager Cixi herself passed away.

He was taken from his home and for the remainder of his life would be cut completely off from his family. But even after Guangxu began formal rule at 18, Empress Dowager Cixi continued to influence his decisions and actions. "Biological Father"), in order to enforce an image that she was the fatherly power figure in the house. Thus, control of such enterprises remained firmly in the government's hands.

Examples of such enterprises included Kweichow Ironworks, established in 1891, and the Hupeh Textile Company, established in 1894.

The other was the conflict between the central government's interests and new regional interests. His principal spouse was Empress Xiaodingjing, while his two consorts were Consort Jin and Consort Zhen.

The emperor was forced by Empress Dowager Cixi to marry her niece (his cousin) Jingfen, who was two years his senior.